Cantonese 2

Session: 20 new remaining of the 20/day cap · 22 learning waiting · 33 reviews due.

Click Cantonese::Level2, not Level1. Level1 is review-only now. Learning is in front: clear the 22 waiting cards first, then new cards mix into the 33 reviews.

This is a third sheet for today (HSK is 2026-09-13.md, Japanese is 2026-09-13-japanese-level2.md).

Session plan

• Twenty-two still in learning. Anki will serve those before today’s new.
• 心機 today is 冇心機 (can’t be bothered), not Mandarin 心机 “scheming.” 友 is 條友 “some guy,” not 朋友.
• hea is Kongish: idle after work. 喔 is the “oh, you’re here” sound (ak1).
• Ghost pair: 轉身 then 鬼. Truth pair: 老實 vs 大話.
• 細 = small/youngest (Mandarin 小). 做人 is how you conduct yourself, not “be a person” as biology.

1. 自然（zi6 jin4）

nature; natural · alam; alami

Example: 噚晚電視有一個好好嘅節目，係關於大自然嘅。 — Last night there was a great TV program about nature.

• CJK: 自 = 自. 然 = 然. Mandarin 自然. JP 自然（しぜん）. Same 然 as HSK 忽然 yesterday.
• Fun fact: 關於大自然. TV nature show. 自然 can also be “naturally / of course.” Today is 大自然.
• Memorize: Sofa, nature documentary on TV: 關於大自然嘅節目.
• Study tip: 自然. Don’t answer 當然.

2. 心機（sam1 gei1）

motivation; the mind for it · minat; pikiran

Example: 佢成日冇心機聽書。 — He never pays attention in class.

• CJK: 心 = 心. 機 = 机 / 機. Mandarin 心机 is scheming — false friend. JP やる気.
• Fun fact: 冇心機聽書. Can’t be bothered to listen in class. 有心機 in Canto can still be “has the drive”; Putonghua 心机 is calculating. Dump the Mandarin sense.
• Memorize: Blank stare at the textbook: 冇心機聽書.
• Study tip: 冇心機. Don’t answer 心机 or 聰明.

3. 友（jau2）

guy; bloke; friend · cowok; teman

Example: 有條友企喺張枱上便 — Some guy is standing on the table.

• CJK: 友 = 友. Mandarin 朋友. JP 友（とも）. Canto 條友 is “this guy,” often a bit dismissive.
• Fun fact: 有條友企喺枱上. Classifier 條 on a person = informal. 朋友 is the actual friend; today is some random bloke.
• Memorize: Random guy standing on a table: 有條友企喺張枱上.
• Study tip: 條友. Don’t answer 朋友.

4. 細（sai3）

small; junior; youngest · kecil; junior

Example: 佢係班中最細嘅學生。 — He is the youngest student in the class.

• CJK: 細 = 细 xì. Mandarin 小 for this sense. JP 細い is “thin.” Canto 細 = small/young.
• Fun fact: 最細嘅學生 = the youngest. 細路 = kid. Mandarin 细 is “thin/fine”; don’t gloss this as 仔细.
• Memorize: Shortest kid in the class photo: 班中最細嘅學生.
• Study tip: 細. Don’t answer 小 unless that’s the card.

5. 少爺（siu3 je4）

young master · tuan muda

Example: 少爺今日唔開心，全部人都要小心啲。 — The young master is unhappy today, everyone needs to be careful.

• CJK: 少 = 少. 爺 = 爷. Mandarin 少爷. JP 若様. HK drama / old-house flavor.
• Fun fact: 少爺今日唔開心. Staff walking on eggshells. 小姐 is the female counterpart in that register; 少爷脾气 is the spoiled-temper compound.
• Memorize: Sofa throne, servants tiptoeing: 少爺今日唔開心.
• Study tip: 少爺. Don’t answer 老闆.

6. 試下（si3 haa5）

try; have a go · coba

Example: 試下從呢啲方向同大家講。 — Try explaining it to people from this perspective.

• CJK: 試 = 试. 下 = 下. Mandarin 试试看. JP してみて. 下 is the tentative aspect.
• Fun fact: 試下…講. Have a go from this angle. 試 is the verb; 下 makes it “just try.” Not 考試.
• Memorize: Hands shaping a new angle at the whiteboard: 試下從呢啲方向講.
• Study tip: 試下. Don’t answer 考試.

7. hea（he3）

to idle; to laze around · bermalas-malasan

Example: 放工之後我鍾意hea一hea，唔想做嘢。 — After work, I like to just idle around and not do anything.

• CJK: Kongish. No character. Mandarin 闲着 / 躺平. JP だらだら.
• Fun fact: hea一hea after 放工. Written in Latin letters on the card. Not English “here.” Tone he3.
• Memorize: Couch, remote, shoes off: 放工之後hea一hea.
• Study tip: hea. Don’t answer 休息 or here.

8. 轉身（zyun3 san1）

to turn around · berbalik badan

Example: 佢一轉身就見到鬼，嚇到喊。 — As soon as he turned around, he saw a ghost and started crying.

• CJK: 轉 = 转. 身 = 身. Mandarin 转身. JP 振り返る. Traditional 轉.
• Fun fact: 一轉身就見到鬼. Instant scare. Pairs with 鬼 later on this sheet. 轉 is zyun3 here, not 傳.
• Memorize: Turning, cute ghost, tears: 一轉身就見到鬼.
• Study tip: 轉身. Don’t answer 走.

9. 每（mui5）

each; every · setiap

Example: 每個人要守規矩。 — Everyone must follow the rules.

• CJK: 每 = 每 měi. JP 毎（ごと）. Mandarin 每. Same 每 as 每天.
• Fun fact: 每個人要守規矩. Everyone. HSK 要是 is “if”; this is “each.” 每個 + classifier.
• Memorize: Whole class holding a rule sheet: 每個人要守規矩.
• Study tip: 每. Don’t answer 都.

10. 老實（lou5 sat6）

honest; frankly · jujur; terus terang

Example: 你要老實講句。 — You have to be honest.

• CJK: 老 = 老. 實 = 实. Mandarin 老实. JP 正直. Traditional 實.
• Fun fact: 老實講句. Tell it straight. Opposite of 大話 later. 老实 in Mandarin can also mean “well-behaved / naive.”
• Memorize: Hand on heart: 老實講句.
• Study tip: 老實. Don’t answer 真.

11. 衝（cung1）

to rush; to charge · menerjang

Example: 有個後生仔突然間衝咗入嚟。 — A young guy suddenly rushed in.

• CJK: 衝 = 冲 chōng. JP 衝（しょう）. Mandarin 冲进来. Traditional 衝.
• Fun fact: 衝咗入嚟. Burst through the door. 後生仔 = young guy (cousin of 友). Not 衝涼 (shower) unless that’s a later card.
• Memorize: Door flying open, kid rushing in: 衝咗入嚟.
• Study tip: 衝. Don’t answer 走 or 入.

12. 態度（taai3 dou6）

attitude; manner · sikap

Example: 佢對客人態度好差。 — His attitude toward customers is terrible.

• CJK: 態 = 态. 度 = 度. Mandarin 态度. JP 態度（たいど）. Traditional 態.
• Fun fact: 對客人態度好差. Service face. 態度 is how you treat people, not 心情 (mood).
• Memorize: Clerk scowling at a customer: 對客人態度好差.
• Study tip: 態度. Don’t answer 心情.

13. 旁邊（pong4 bin1）

beside; the side · di samping

Example: 佢坐喺我旁邊食飯。 — He sat beside me to eat.

• CJK: 旁 = 旁 páng. 邊 = 边. Mandarin 旁边. JP 横 (today’s JP width card is different). Traditional 邊.
• Fun fact: 坐喺我旁邊食飯. Seat next to you. Japanese 横 today is the 1-meter width; this is “beside me.”
• Memorize: Two bowls, two chairs side by side: 坐喺我旁邊食飯.
• Study tip: 旁邊. Don’t answer 度 or 呢度.

14. 大話（daai6 waa6）

a lie · kebohongan

Example: 佢哋控告話我哋講大話。 — They accused us of telling lies.

• CJK: 大 = 大. 話 = 话. Mandarin 谎话 / 说大话 (also “brag”). JP 嘘.
• Fun fact: 講大話 = tell a lie. Mandarin 说大话 often means boast. Opposite of 老實講. 控告 = accuse.
• Memorize: Finger pointing, long-nose vibe: 控告話我哋講大話.
• Study tip: 講大話. Don’t answer 故事.

15. 鬼（gwai2）

ghost; sly · hantu; licik

Example: 崩口碗忌崩口鬼，已經天妒英才。 — A chipped bowl fears a chipped ghost; talent is already envied by heaven.

• CJK: 鬼 = 鬼 guǐ. JP 鬼（おに / き）. Mandarin 鬼. Same 鬼 as 见鬼.
• Fun fact: The sentence is a proverb (chipped bowl vs chipped ghost). Everyday: 見到鬼 from 轉身. Also 鬼 as “sly.” Today you still need 鬼.
• Memorize: Turning around into a ghost (reuse the 轉身 shot): 見到鬼，嚇到喊.
• Study tip: 鬼. Don’t answer 神.

16. 做人（zou6 jan4）

to conduct yourself; to be decent · bersikap sebagai orang

Example: 做人要講道理，唔好咁自私。 — You should behave reasonably and not be so selfish.

• CJK: 做 = 做. 人 = 人. Mandarin 做人. JP 人として. Not “make a person.”
• Fun fact: 做人要講道理. How you live among people. 唔好咁自私. Pairs with 態度 (how you treat customers) vs this (how you are as a human).
• Memorize: Sharing the last bun, not hogging: 做人要講道理.
• Study tip: 做人. Don’t answer 人 or 做.

17. 家庭（gaa1 ting4）

family (as a household) · keluarga

Example: 我哋家庭有五個人。 — There are five people in my family.

• CJK: 家 = 家. 庭 = 庭. Mandarin 家庭. JP 家庭（かてい）. Same 家 as 家人.
• Fun fact: 家庭有五個人. The household unit. 家人 is the people; 屋企 is “home” in Canto. Japanese 次女 is one member of this five.
• Memorize: Dinner table of five: 家庭有五個人.
• Study tip: 家庭. Don’t answer 屋企 unless that’s the card.

18. 曾經（cang4 ging1）

once; previously · pernah

Example: 結果香港幾乎忘記咗呢個曾經重要嘅人物。 — Eventually Hong Kong almost forgot this once important figure.

• CJK: 曾 = 曾. 經 = 经. Mandarin 曾经. JP かつて. Traditional 曾經.
• Fun fact: 曾經重要嘅人物. Past marker: once-but-not-now. 以前 is “before”; 曾經 flags a completed past state.
• Memorize: Fading portrait, HK skyline: 曾經重要嘅人物.
• Study tip: 曾經. Don’t answer 而家.

19. 冇問題（mou5 man6 tai4）

no problem; sure · tidak masalah; oke

Example: 大家咁辛苦都仲喺度聽緊，冇問題嘅。 — You're all working so hard to keep listening, no problem at all.

• CJK: 冇 = 没有. 問 = 问. 題 = 题. Mandarin 没问题. JP 問題ない (today’s JP 部分は問題ない).
• Fun fact: 冇問題嘅. Reassurance / “sure.” 冇 is Canto “not have.” Not English “no problem” intonation only — say the three syllables.
• Memorize: Tired audience still listening, thumbs up: 冇問題嘅.
• Study tip: 冇問題. Don’t answer 好 or OK.

20. 喔（ak1）

oh (realization) · oh

Example: 喔，原來你喺度。 — Oh, you're here.

• CJK: 喔. Mandarin 哦. JP あ / おっ. Card reading ak1, not o1.
• Fun fact: 喔，原來你喺度. The “wait, you were here” sound. Different from 吓 / 呵. Keep the card’s ak1.
• Memorize: Turning, spotting a friend already in the room: 喔，原來你喺度.
• Study tip: 喔. Don’t answer 哦 or 啊.